Liquid-cooling piping for the 面向吉瓦级 AI 时代的
Rack densities have jumped from 15 kW to 130 kW and beyond. Air can no longer carry the heat — water can. YAMAN engineers, prefabricates and certifies the stainless steel fluid networks that move it, from facility water to the cold plate.机柜功率密度已从 15 kW 跃升至 130 kW 以上，空气已无法带走热量，只有液体可以。雅曼负责设计、预制并认证输送冷却液的不锈钢流体网络——从设施水系统一直到芯片冷板。
The rack has become a heat exchanger.机柜，已经变成了换热器。
Accelerated computing concentrates heat into a few square centimetres of silicon. Direct-to-chip (D2C) cold plates capture over 80% of it into a water-glycol loop — making pipework, flanges and manifolds as mission-critical as the GPUs themselves.加速计算把热量集中到几平方厘米的硅片上。直接芯片冷板（D2C）可将 80% 以上的热量导入水-乙二醇回路——这让管道、法兰与歧管变得与 GPU 本身一样关键。
Anatomy of a 一座液冷机房的
Facility Water System设施水系统（FWS）
Large-bore carbon or stainless headers, DN200–DN900, linking dry coolers, cooling towers and heat-reuse plants to the CDUs. Grooved or flanged, epoxy-lined options.大口径碳钢或不锈钢主管 DN200–DN900，连接干冷器、冷却塔、余热回收与 CDU；可选沟槽或法兰连接、内衬环氧。
Coolant Distribution Units冷却液分配单元（CDU）
Skid piping, plate heat-exchanger connections, pump headers and filtration loops — in-row (300 kW–2 MW) and facility-scale (up to 10 MW).撬内管路、板换接口、泵头集管与过滤回路——列间型（300 kW–2 MW）及设施级（最高 10 MW）。
Technology Cooling System技术冷却系统（TCS）
316L stainless supply/return headers, ring mains and drops to every rack, orbital-welded and helium-tested, running overhead or under raised floor.316L 不锈钢供回液主管、环网与至每台机柜的支管，自动轨道焊接并氦检，架空或架空地板下敷设。
Rack & Row Manifolds机柜与列级歧管
Vertical rack manifolds with 20–64 ports, dry-break quick disconnects, air vents and drain valves, matched to OCP ORv3 and MGX rack geometries.20–64 口垂直机柜歧管，配无滴漏快接、排气阀与排液阀，匹配 OCP ORv3 与 MGX 机柜结构。
Flanged Connections法兰连接
Weld-neck, lap-joint and swivel-ring flanges with spiral-wound 316L/graphite gaskets and coated studs — designed for thermal cycling and maintenance breaks.带颈对焊、松套与旋转环法兰，搭配 316L/石墨缠绕垫与涂层螺柱——适应热循环与维护拆装。
Heat Reuse & Free Cooling余热回收与自然冷却
Piping to district heating, absorption chillers and dry-cooler arrays, capturing 45–60 °C return water as a revenue stream.连接区域供暖、吸收式制冷与干冷器阵列的管道，把 45–60 °C 回水变成收益来源。
Specified for zero compromise.按零妥协标准设定。
Typical design envelope for YAMAN liquid-cooling piping. Project-specific values are confirmed in our technical offer.雅曼液冷管道的典型设计范围，具体项目参数以技术报价为准。
| Parameter参数 | TCS | FWS | Rack manifold机柜歧管 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal size公称尺寸 | DN25 – DN300 | DN150 – DN900 | DN25 – DN80 |
| Design pressure设计压力 | 10 bar(g) / 150 psi | 10 – 16 bar(g) | 6 – 10 bar(g) |
| Design temperature设计温度 | 5 – 65 °C | 5 – 70 °C | 5 – 65 °C |
| Fluid介质 | PG25 / DI water + inhibitor | Treated water / glycol处理水 / 乙二醇 | PG25 |
| Velocity limit流速限制 | ≤ 2.5 m/s | ≤ 3.0 m/s | ≤ 1.5 m/s |
| Joining连接方式 | Orbital GTAW + WN flanges自动 TIG + 对焊法兰 | Flanged / grooved法兰 / 沟槽 | Welded + QD ports焊接 + 快接口 |
| Code规范 | ASME B31.3 / B31.9 · EN 13480 | ASME B31.9 · EN 13480 | ASME B31.3 · OCP |
| Component部件 | Standard grade标准材质 | Upgrade升级材质 | Why原因 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pipe & tube管道 | ASTM A312 TP316L | A790 S32205 Duplex | Chloride & MIC resistance抗氯离子与微生物腐蚀 |
| Flanges法兰 | ASTM A182 F316L | A182 F51 / F53 | Strength at thin wall薄壁高强度 |
| Fittings管件 | ASTM A403 WP316L-S | A815 WPS31803 | Seamless, low ferrite无缝、低铁素体 |
| Gaskets垫片 | SW 316L / flexible graphite316L 缠绕 / 柔性石墨 | Kammprofile, PTFE-faced齿形垫 · PTFE 面 | Glycol compatibility乙二醇相容性 |
| Bolting紧固件 | A193 B8M Cl.2 / A194 8M | Fluoropolymer coated B7氟碳涂层 B7 | Galling & corrosion防咬死与防腐 |
16 / 14 / 11
Particle cleanliness of flush water at release; verified by laser particle counter.出厂冲洗水颗粒清洁度，由激光颗粒计数器验证。
Citric passivation柠檬酸钝化
Free-iron removal and chromium-oxide film restoration; ferroxyl test documented.去除游离铁、恢复氧化铬膜，铁氰化钾测试留档。
≤ 0.8 µm
Internal surface roughness of welded TCS headers; bore-scope inspected at every weld.焊接 TCS 主管内表面粗糙度，每道焊口内窥镜检查。
Dry purge & cap充氮封堵
Moisture-free nitrogen blanket, end caps and VCI wrap until installation.无水氮气保护、端口封堵与气相防锈包装直至安装。
Weld tint ≤ #3焊接色 ≤ 3 级
Internal heat tint to AWS D18.2 level 3 or better, purge O₂ < 50 ppm.内壁焊接热色符合 AWS D18.2 ≤ 3 级，背保护氧含量 < 50 ppm。
< 10 ppm
Oil-free fabrication and final DI rinse to protect cold-plate micro-channels.无油加工，最终去离子水冲洗，保护冷板微通道。
Built in our factory. Bolted in your hall.工厂里建造，机房里拼装。
Data-centre schedules are measured in megawatts per month. We convert your BIM model into shop isometrics, fabricate spools and skids in parallel with site works, and deliver them sequenced, tagged and tested — so the white space goes live weeks earlier.数据中心工期以“每月上线多少兆瓦”来衡量。我们把您的 BIM 模型转为车间轴测图，与现场施工并行预制管段和撬块，按安装顺序挂牌、测试后交付，让机房提前数周投运。
- BIM / Revit & Navisworks coordination, LOD 400 spool drawingsBIM/Revit 与 Navisworks 协同，LOD 400 管段图
- Up to 80% less on-site welding and hot-work permits现场焊接与动火作业减少最多 80%
- QR-coded spools linked to weld maps, NDE and test packs管段二维码关联焊口图、无损检测与试压包
- Modular pipe racks and CDU skids, factory acceptance tested (FAT)模块化管廊与 CDU 撬块，工厂验收测试（FAT）
Rack manifolds机柜歧管
CDU headersCDU 集管
Facility water设施水管廊
From a single pod 从单个机柜组，
Framework supply agreements, regional stock and dedicated production lines let us scale with phased hyperscale and neocloud build-outs in North America, Europe, the Gulf and Asia.框架供货协议、区域备货与专属产线，让我们能够跟随北美、欧洲、海湾地区与亚洲的超大规模及新兴云厂商分期扩建。
Questions engineers ask us.工程师常问的问题。
Do you supply complete CDUs?你们供应完整的 CDU 吗？
We fabricate CDU skid piping, headers and frames for CDU OEMs, and partner with leading pump and heat-exchanger makers to deliver complete skids under our scope when required.我们为 CDU 厂商制造撬内管路、集管和框架；需要时也可联合领先的泵与换热器厂商，以我方范围交付整套撬块。
Which coolants are you compatible with?兼容哪些冷却液？
PG25 and other propylene-glycol mixtures, DI water with inhibitors and facility water. Materials and gaskets are selected with your coolant supplier’s compatibility data.PG25 等丙二醇混合液、加缓蚀剂的去离子水以及设施水。材质与垫片根据冷却液厂商的相容性数据选型。
Can you work from our BIM model?能按我们的 BIM 模型出图吗？
Yes. We accept Revit, Navisworks, AutoCAD Plant 3D and PDMS/E3D and return LOD 400 spool isometrics for approval before fabrication.可以。我们接收 Revit、Navisworks、AutoCAD Plant 3D 及 PDMS/E3D 模型，并在制造前提交 LOD 400 管段轴测图供审批。
What documentation ships with each spool?每个管段随附哪些文件？
Material certificates EN 10204 3.1/3.2, WPS/PQR, welder qualifications, weld map, NDE reports, pressure and helium test records, cleanliness certificate and CE/PED declaration where applicable.EN 10204 3.1/3.2 材质证书、WPS/PQR、焊工资格、焊口图、无损检测报告、压力与氦检记录、清洁度证书，以及适用时的 CE/PED 声明。
Lead time?交期多久？
Standard flanges and fittings ship from stock in 1–2 weeks; engineered spool packages typically 4–8 weeks from approved drawings, with expedited lines available.标准法兰与管件 1–2 周库存发货；工程管段包通常在图纸批准后 4–8 周交付，可开通加急产线。
Cooling 130 kW racks? Let’s engineer the loop.要冷却 130 kW 机柜？我们来设计回路。
Send your P&ID, isometrics or MTO. Our application engineers return a technical-commercial offer within 48 hours — material, standards, testing and delivery fully specified.发送 P&ID、管道轴测图或材料清单（MTO），我们的应用工程师将在 48 小时内提供技术与商务报价——材质、标准、检测与交期全部明确。